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### Texto Multilínea
HTMLText_6EFDDF74_799C_1469_4179_81096269CE56_mobile.html = Christian basilica with three naves that covers about 400 sqm of surface.
Christian basilica with three naves that covers about 400 sqm of surface.
Christian basilica with three naves that covers about 400 sqm of surface.
In the XII-XIII, it is believed that Queen Tamara of Georgia stopped in this area.
In the XII-XIII, it is believed that Queen Tamara of Georgia stopped in this area.
In the XII-XIII, it is believed that Queen Tamara of Georgia stopped in this area.
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe became a tourist center.
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe became a tourist center.
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe became a tourist center.
Temple decorated with Roman
octagonal caissons.
Temple decorated with Roman
octagonal caissons.
Temple decorated with Roman
octagonal caissons.
The largest (300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
The largest (300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
The largest (300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
“Uplistsuli Church”, built in the Middle Ages, between the X-XI centuries.
“Uplistsuli Church”, built in the Middle Ages, between the X-XI centuries.
“Uplistsuli Church”, built in the Middle Ages, between the X-XI centuries.
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HISTORY:
Uplistsikhe is identified by archaeologists as one of the oldest urban settlements in Georgia. Strategically located in the heartland of ancient kingdom of Kartli (or Iberia as it was known to the Classical authors), it emerged as a major political and religious center of the country. The town's age and importance led medieval Georgian written tradition to ascribe its foundation to the mythical Uplos, son of Mtskhetos, and grandson of Kartlos.
The earliest traces of human presence in Uplistsikhe date back to the end of the 2nd millennium BC. Its earliest remaining structures are from the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. With the Christianization of Kartli early in the 4th century, Uplistsikhe seems to have declined in its importance and lost its position to the new centers of Christian culture – Mtskheta and, later Tbilisi. Meanwhile, it continued to develop as a town. The first Christina basilica was constructed in the 6th century. However, Uplistsikhe reemerged as a principal Georgian stronghold during the Muslim conquest of Tbilisi in the 8th-10th centuries. Another, three-church basilica was constructed at that time. The Mongol raids in the 14th century marked the ultimate eclipse of the town; it was virtually abandoned, and only occasionally used as a temporary shelter in times of foreign intrusions.
ARCHITECTURE:
The town was cut into a flat, straight, but slightly inclining mountain. Nearly straight western wall went down to the river. Outside protection of the town was also facilitated by two motes, northern and eastern, with wall built into them. The river itself closed access to the town from the south, but it was possible to get into the town through a 3 m tunnel that functioned as water supply. The tunnel was closed by metal gate in case of invasion. Two of the three roads that approached the town were not protected, but the third, coming from the north, was cut in rock, with up to 10 m high walls.[2]
The Uplistsikhe complex can tentatively be divided into three parts: south (lower), middle (central) and north (upper) covering an area of approximately 8 hectares. The middle part is the largest, contains a bulk of the Uplistsikhe rock-cut structures, and is connected to the southern part via a narrow rock-cut pass and a tunnel. Narrow alleys and sometimes staircases radiate from the central "street" to the different structures.[1] Th southern part has a complex of structures. Among them a ceremonial hall is the most notable.
A pillar hall with two adjacent rooms is one of the most important structures in the town. Its ceiling was supported by two pillars. A stone bench, probably, served as a ruler's seat.
The majority of the caves are devoid of any decorations, although some of the larger structures have coffered tunnel-vaulted ceilings, with the stone carved in imitation of logs. Some of the larger structures also have niches in the back or sides, which may have been used for ceremonial purposes. The facade of the large ceremonial hall of the southern part is decorated by the Roman type arch with pediment.
The 6th century basilica was largely cut into the rock, except its southern wall, built from the rocks. At the summit of the complex is a Christian basilica built of stone and brick in the 9th-10th centuries. Archaeological excavations have discovered numerous artifacts of different periods, including gold, silver and bronze jewellery, and samples of ceramics and sculptures. Many of these artifacts are in the safekeeping of the National Museum in Tbilisi.
Several parts of the most vulnerable areas were completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1920. The stability of the monument remains under substantial threat, prompting the Fund of Cultural Heritage of Georgia (a joint project of the World Bank and Government of Georgia) to launch a limited program of conservation in 2000. The Uplistsikhe cave complex has been on the tentative list for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage program since 2007.
Content from wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uplistsikhe)
Uplistsikhe, literally, "the lord's fortress" is an ancient rock-hewn town in eastern Georgia, some 10 kilometers east of the town of Gori, Shida Kartli.
Temple with Caissons (also called "The Theater")
The facade with its pediments and its distinctive profile make this temple the center of the architectural composition of the ancient city.
It is very recognizable for its triangular roof and its columns, which have been replaced by raw concrete ones, but we can get an idea of what the originals would have been like in ancient times.
Eastern and Western architectural traditions have met in Uplistsikhe. A semicircular vault, a staple of Parthin balcony architecture, is decorated with Roman octagonal caissons.
As usual in this type of rock structures, it is likely that this building was also some kind of temple. As experts believe it could even be from the 1st century AD. it is possible that ritual works were carried out here, and that they were never intended for a large public.
Temple with Caissons (also called "The Theater")
The facade with its pediments and its distinctive profile make this temple the center of the architectural composition of the ancient city.
It is very recognizable for its triangular roof and its columns, which have been replaced by raw concrete ones, but we can get an idea of what the originals would have been like in ancient times.
Eastern and Western architectural traditions have met in Uplistsikhe. A semicircular vault, a staple of Parthin balcony architecture, is decorated with Roman octagonal caissons.
As usual in this type of rock structures, it is likely that this building was also some kind of temple. As experts believe it could even be from the 1st century AD. it is possible that ritual works were carried out here, and that they were never intended for a large public.
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Church of Prince
The Uplistsuli church (2nd half of the 10th c) was erected in the place of an earlier pagan temple. Traces of the ancient structure can be clearly discerned near the foundations of the western wall.
In 337, following the proclamation of Christianity as the state religion in Georgia, a confrontation arose between the pagan citizens of Uplistsikhe and the early Christians, which resulted in the persecution of the priests and residents of Uplistsikhe; part of the city's facilities were destroyed and burned, establishing Christian churches in the place of the two main pagan temples. An early Christian Church document was found calling for the pagans of Uplistsikhe to be killed, and perhaps many priests, as well as some residents of the town, were executed during that period.
The Temple of the Sun, at the top of the city, was rebuilt into a Christian church. Another large pagan temple with a plaza opening onto the Central Plaza in the 6th century was rebuilt into a three-aisled Christian basilica covering some 400 square meters in area. Both structures collapsed faster than the others, and in the early middle ages a whole new church was built on the main site of Uplistsikhe, which was called the "Uplistsuli church" (Church of the Prince). This building belongs to the X-XI centuries.
A large cellar was also destroyed by the early Christians. As the archaeologists discovered, "jars were removed, wooden buildings collapsed, and then fire was set on fire."
For a long time in Uplistsikhe the secret worship of pagan deities continued. Archaeologists have found enclosed spaces, where even after the introduction of Christianity, small cult rituals and animal sacrifices continued to be performed. In general, with the introduction of Christianity, the value of Uplistsikhe naturally fell sharply; the flow of donations ceased, the number of pilgrims decreased. The city in its value also decreased to a common fortress.
Church of Prince
The Uplistsuli church (2nd half of the 10th c) was erected in the place of an earlier pagan temple. Traces of the ancient structure can be clearly discerned near the foundations of the western wall.
In 337, following the proclamation of Christianity as the state religion in Georgia, a confrontation arose between the pagan citizens of Uplistsikhe and the early Christians, which resulted in the persecution of the priests and residents of Uplistsikhe; part of the city's facilities were destroyed and burned, establishing Christian churches in the place of the two main pagan temples. An early Christian Church document was found calling for the pagans of Uplistsikhe to be killed, and perhaps many priests, as well as some residents of the town, were executed during that period.
The Temple of the Sun, at the top of the city, was rebuilt into a Christian church. Another large pagan temple with a plaza opening onto the Central Plaza in the 6th century was rebuilt into a three-aisled Christian basilica covering some 400 square meters in area. Both structures collapsed faster than the others, and in the early middle ages a whole new church was built on the main site of Uplistsikhe, which was called the "Uplistsuli church" (Church of the Prince). This building belongs to the X-XI centuries.
A large cellar was also destroyed by the early Christians. As the archaeologists discovered, "jars were removed, wooden buildings collapsed, and then fire was set on fire."
For a long time in Uplistsikhe the secret worship of pagan deities continued. Archaeologists have found enclosed spaces, where even after the introduction of Christianity, small cult rituals and animal sacrifices continued to be performed. In general, with the introduction of Christianity, the value of Uplistsikhe naturally fell sharply; the flow of donations ceased, the number of pilgrims decreased. The city in its value also decreased to a common fortress.
Hall of Tamara
In the early 12th-13th centuries, Queen Tamara of Georgia is believed to have stopped at Uplistsikhe, but scholars disagree on that point. However, one of the ancient pagan temples, converted into royal chambers in the 10th century, was preserved in the oral traditions of the local population from the 19th century as the "Hall of Queen Tamara".
The architecture of this era is full of rock chambers and is therefore atypical not only in Georgia, but also in the entire Transcaucasian region. The builders sought to reproduce the typical details of traditional stone or wood architecture. Many of the rooms in the rock are decorated with imitation wooden or stone beams, columns and other architectural elements. In this respect, Uplistsikhe is similar to Petra in Arabia, which was also built in the Hellenistic period, as well as some buildings in Paphlagonia. The influence of part architecture is not excluded.
The construction of the Uplistsikhe premises was carried out in two stages: first there was a large roughing of the rock, then - as it approached the line of the wall - the stone was finely encased to the desired shape, a process reminiscent of the sculptor's work. Water and abrasive stone were used for refining, and the process not only gave the rock the required shape, but also applied a reliable protective layer on the rock surface (stoneware). This layer was designed to prevent structural damage.
Hall of Tamara
In the early 12th-13th centuries, Queen Tamara of Georgia is believed to have stopped at Uplistsikhe, but scholars disagree on that point. However, one of the ancient pagan temples, converted into royal chambers in the 10th century, was preserved in the oral traditions of the local population from the 19th century as the "Hall of Queen Tamara".
The architecture of this era is full of rock chambers and is therefore atypical not only in Georgia, but also in the entire Transcaucasian region. The builders sought to reproduce the typical details of traditional stone or wood architecture. Many of the rooms in the rock are decorated with imitation wooden or stone beams, columns and other architectural elements. In this respect, Uplistsikhe is similar to Petra in Arabia, which was also built in the Hellenistic period, as well as some buildings in Paphlagonia. The influence of part architecture is not excluded.
The construction of the Uplistsikhe premises was carried out in two stages: first there was a large roughing of the rock, then - as it approached the line of the wall - the stone was finely encased to the desired shape, a process reminiscent of the sculptor's work. Water and abrasive stone were used for refining, and the process not only gave the rock the required shape, but also applied a reliable protective layer on the rock surface (stoneware). This layer was designed to prevent structural damage.
TEMPLE OF MAKVLIANI
The Makvliani temple is the largest (with a total area of about 300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
The temple is an object of conjecture, and caissons are engraved on the ceiling like in other significant halls.
Makvliani, the name of the area, does not give us information about the origin of the temple, since this word translates as 'mulberry', because of the vines that hang from the ceiling.
There is a good chance that this temple was a place of worship for the Sun Goddess of the Caucasus.
TEMPLE OF MAKVLIANI
The Makvliani temple is the largest (with a total area of about 300 m²) of the surviving temples from the Hellenistic period.
The temple is an object of conjecture, and caissons are engraved on the ceiling like in other significant halls.
Makvliani, the name of the area, does not give us information about the origin of the temple, since this word translates as 'mulberry', because of the vines that hang from the ceiling.
There is a good chance that this temple was a place of worship for the Sun Goddess of the Caucasus.
Three-side Basilica
For the worship of chthonic deities, large pits with a diameter of one to four meters were used, and the depth of some of them reached 12 meters. The pits were used for the ritual sacrifice of animals to the gods of the underworld. Before detailed excavations and analysis of the remains of material from the bottom of the pits, their purpose remained uncertain. As one of the assumptions, it was suggested that the large pits served as a prison. This assumption turned out to be incorrect, but some popular sources still indicate the existence of "underground prisons" in Uplistsikhe. There is no consensus among monument researchers as to whether all religious buildings should be considered temples in the classical sense of the word, but most scientists agree that they served a religious purpose.
We can observe one of the sacrificial wells for the worship of the deities, covered with a modern net. The well was part of an ancient temple, which was later rebuilt into a Christian basilica.
Three-side Basilica
For the worship of chthonic deities, large pits with a diameter of one to four meters were used, and the depth of some of them reached 12 meters. The pits were used for the ritual sacrifice of animals to the gods of the underworld. Before detailed excavations and analysis of the remains of material from the bottom of the pits, their purpose remained uncertain. As one of the assumptions, it was suggested that the large pits served as a prison. This assumption turned out to be incorrect, but some popular sources still indicate the existence of "underground prisons" in Uplistsikhe. There is no consensus among monument researchers as to whether all religious buildings should be considered temples in the classical sense of the word, but most scientists agree that they served a religious purpose.
We can observe one of the sacrificial wells for the worship of the deities, covered with a modern net. The well was part of an ancient temple, which was later rebuilt into a Christian basilica.
Uplistsikhe Museum
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe has become a tourist center. As the parallel works on the cleaning of the settlement, carried out since 1957 by an archaeological expedition, were carried out, the tourist value of the monument increased: more and more ancient rooms were available for visit. Of the more than 700 buildings in the city, about 150 have been preserved. The buildings are open to tourists.
Towards the end of the 20th century, the danger of serious damage to many buildings increased due to the erosion of the stoneware. The Georgian government was unable to allocate sufficient financial funds for the reconstruction of the Uplistsikhe caves, and a new small earthquake in 2000 severely damaged some buildings.
In 2000, the World Bank, together with the Georgian government, allocated money for the reconstruction of a part of the monument, and also paid for the provision of a tourist center near Uplistsikhe, which could provide information in different languages. It is currently unclear how these funds have been used, as the resort is generally closed, and the Georgian side claims that the money allocated for reconstruction was not enough. Experts predict serious destruction of the monument in the next 30 years, if timely measures are not taken to preserve the existing cuts. Uplistsikhe is located in an active seismic area, and subsequent earthquakes can also seriously damage the monument, especially if conservation measures are not taken.
Uplistsikhe Museum
Since the fifties of the 20th century, Uplistsikhe has become a tourist center. As the parallel works on the cleaning of the settlement, carried out since 1957 by an archaeological expedition, were carried out, the tourist value of the monument increased: more and more ancient rooms were available for visit. Of the more than 700 buildings in the city, about 150 have been preserved. The buildings are open to tourists.
Towards the end of the 20th century, the danger of serious damage to many buildings increased due to the erosion of the stoneware. The Georgian government was unable to allocate sufficient financial funds for the reconstruction of the Uplistsikhe caves, and a new small earthquake in 2000 severely damaged some buildings.
In 2000, the World Bank, together with the Georgian government, allocated money for the reconstruction of a part of the monument, and also paid for the provision of a tourist center near Uplistsikhe, which could provide information in different languages. It is currently unclear how these funds have been used, as the resort is generally closed, and the Georgian side claims that the money allocated for reconstruction was not enough. Experts predict serious destruction of the monument in the next 30 years, if timely measures are not taken to preserve the existing cuts. Uplistsikhe is located in an active seismic area, and subsequent earthquakes can also seriously damage the monument, especially if conservation measures are not taken.
This project has been developed and produced by 3DVista using the latest technology. The 3D material and panoramas have been produced by Archill and transferred to 3DVista to set up this Virtual Tour that serves as an example of the possibilities in the field of archeology and tourism. Esta demo ha sido creada por Planeta Digital 360. El modelo 3D es Fab Library usado de demo de las posibilidades de mostrar a través de Web modelados 3D.
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A new way to discover the ancient heritage from the past with the new technology developed by 3DVista.
A new way to discover the ancient heritage from the past with the new technology developed by 3DVista.
PLANETA DIGITAL 360
DEMO STAND
PLANETA DIGITAL 360
DEMO STAND
A new way to discover the ancient heritage from the past with the new technology developed by 3DVista.
A new way to discover the ancient heritage from the past with the new technology developed by 3DVista.
Coordinates: N41 58 E44 12
Consectetur adipiscing
Fusce nec
Fringilla eros
Pellentesque
Lorem Ipsum dolor
Sit Amet
Risus ornare
Tempor ligula
Consectetur adipiscing
Fusce nec
Fringilla eros
Pellentesque
Lorem Ipsum dolor
Sit Amet
Risus ornare
Tempor ligula
Coordinates: N41 58 E44 12
STAND DEMO
PARA CONGRESOS